Everything about Gilead totally explained
From the Scriptures, "
Gilead" means
hill of testimony or
mound of witness, (
Genesis 31:21), a mountainous region east of the
Jordan River, situated in the present-day Kingdom of
Jordan. It is also referred to by the
Aramaic name
Yegar-Sahdutha, which carries the same meaning as the Hebrew (Gen. 31:47). From its mountainous character it's called "the mount of Gilead" (Gen. 31:25). It is called also "the land of Gilead" (Num. 32:1), and sometimes simply "Gilead" (Ps. 60:7; Gen. 37:25). As a whole, it included the tribal territories of Gad, Reuben, and the eastern half of Manasseh (Deut. 3:13; Num. 32:40). It was bounded on the north by
Bashan, and on the south by
Moab and
Ammon (Gen. 31:21; Deut. 3:12-17). "Half Gilead" was possessed by Sihon, and the other half, separated from it by the river Jabbok, by Og, king of Bashan. The deep ravine of the river Hieromax (the modern Sheriat el-Mandhur) separated Bashan from Gilead, which was about 60 miles in length and 20 in breadth, extending from near the south end of the Lake of Gennesaret to the north end of the Dead Sea. Abarim, Pisgah, Nebo, and Peor are its mountains mentioned in Scripture.
In the
Bible,
Gilead (
גִּלְעָד "Heap/mass of testimony/witness",
Standard Hebrew Gilʻad,
Tiberian Hebrew Gilʻāḏ) is the name of three persons and two geographic places.
Specifically, it may refer to:
- A grandson of Manasseh, ancestor of the Iezerites and Helekites. (1 Chronicles 2: 21-23)
- A person in the Gadite genealogies. (1 Chronicles 5:11-14)
- The father of Jephthah.
- "Gilead" mentioned in Book of Hosea may refer to Ramoth-Gilead, Jabesh-Gilead, or the whole region Gilead, treated below.
- In hebrew, Gilead can also mean a memorial site, and is used to name boys, while "Gil" equals joy in hebrew and "ad" means forever or eternity.
- The name Gilead (Arabic: جلعاد Ǧalʻād) is used in strict sense of the mountainous land extending north and south of Jabbok. It is used more generally for all the region east of the Jordan River. It corresponds today to the northwestern part of the Kingdom of Jordan. The name Gilead first appears in the biblical account of the last meeting of Jacob and Laban (Gen. 31:21-22). After king Sihon was defeated, the Tribe of Reuben, Tribe of Gad, and half the Tribe of Manasseh were assigned to the area. Ammon and Moab sometimes expanded to include southern Gilead. King David fled to Mahanaim in Gilead during the rebellion of Absalom. Gilead is later mentioned as the homeplace of the prophet Elijah. King Tiglath-pileser III of Assyria says he established the province of Gal'azu (Gilead).
References in modern culture
In
The Handmaid's Tale by
Margaret Atwood, the
theocratic totalitarian nation the story takes place in is called "The Republic of
Gilead", referencing its biblical connotations.
The
Old Testament (or
Jewish Bible) repeatedly mentions a mythological or real "balm in Gilead" or "
balm of Gilead", which lead to occasional references in Western culture, see
Balsam of Mecca.
In
Stephen King's
Dark Tower novels, the protagonist,
Roland Deschain, hails from a kingdom called Gilead, which was destroyed by agents of the
Crimson King.
In
Edgar Allan Poe's poem "
The Raven," the speaker asks: "Is there balm in Gilead? Tell me truly I implore" of the spectral bird.
Gilead is also the title of the 2004 award winning novel (2005 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction and the National Book Critics Circle Award) by American writer
Marilynne Robinson. The novel is a remarkable testimony - a Gilead.
Further Information
Get more info on 'Gilead'.
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